The authors endeavored to build a more rigorous theory for explaining international cooperation in the face of an increasing complex and globalizing world order. The publication of Power and Interdependence by Keohane and Nye in 1977 brought interdependence to the forefront of international relations (IR) scholarship (Keohane & Nye, 1977). In other words, the satisfaction of each party’s needs and values is contingent to some degree on the behavior of others. It entails a relationship in which two or more parties are linked in a system of action in such a way that changes in one party impact in some meaningful way on the attainment of needs, values, and/or desired outcomes of the others. Yet, interdependence means more than simple interconnectedness. Interdependence involves interconnection/linkages among actors and systems of interrelationships of actors. Describing and explaining the nature and implications of such dynamic interrelatedness is crucial for understanding world politics, international organization, and global governance.
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As the world has become more globalized-creating a seemingly endless but not unbroken web of world politics-individuals, groups, and polities have become increasingly linked together as never before on a worldwide scale. The concept of interdependence has long been central to those wishing to explain and understand the dynamics of international organization (IO) and the role of international institutions in processes of global governance. Finally, with interdependence as a core element, more systematic frameworks for analyzing and explaining the nature and role of transnational relations in world politics can be made. Another important analytical thread in interdependence theorizing has been international integration, where the creation of cooperative transnational linkages for dealing with technical issues could result in a learning process that changed attitudes about cooperation. Interdependence also plays a significant role in Immanuel Wallenstein’s world-systems theory, as well as the closely related concept of dependency. In general international systems, a system functions as a whole because of the interdependence of its parts. The concept of interdependence is used in several areas.
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While ambiguity exists over the concept and its usage, interdependence is central for explaining the nature and dynamics of international organization (IO), as well as international relations more broadly conceived. Interdependence is a key structural feature of the international system.